题目 | 民族学研究中的语言：对一个北方城市的调研经验 Language in Ethnological Expertise: Experience of Researching a Northern City |
主讲人 | 彼特克耶娃（俄罗斯科学院语言学研究所）、费丽波娃（北方少数民族人文研究所） |
主持人 | 张宏莉（兰州大学） |
讲座语言 | 俄语 |
时间 | 11月6日（周四）19:00~20:30 |
参与方式 | “语言与未来”B站直播间（ID：22327813） |
内容提要
The article presents a methodology for assessing the social impact on language and culture based on sociolinguistic approaches. The toolkit allows for a detailed examination of the correlation of sociocultural factors that are key in shaping the image of the city — the proximity of the urban community to nature, historical, political, economic factors, demographic, communicative and symbolic power, language rivalry or language monopoly, language ideologies, language activism in the North, etc.
The urban environment opens up new opportunities for intercultural dialogue and expansion of the linguistic repertoire of Arctic residents, but at the same time creates risks of linguistic assimilation and loss of indigenous languages. Complex of nature and climatic conditions, remoteness and underdevelopment of transport infrastructure significantly complicate field research in Arctic cities. Arctic cities still rarely become the subject of special scientific analysis. In the documents that present an assessment of human development in the Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR) and the Arctic Social Indicators (ASI) project, the humanitarian issues of assessing ethnocultural and linguistic situations are not sufficiently developed, unlike the issues of socio-economic development of the Arctic territories. Since 2011, the practical implementation of the law on ethnological expertise has been initiated in Russia. Since the end of 2018, ethnological expertise has been officially recognized as one of the instruments for implementing the state national policy of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 06.12.2018 No. 703). Considering that language is the basis of culture and self-identification of people, language preservation and development should become one of the priorities in the development strategy of the Arctic zone of Russia. The role of language as a social indicator of successful human development in the Arctic is extremely important. However, how to assess the qualitative changes in the linguistic potential of the northern and Arctic cities? It seems that language and culture are abstract quantities, but they are also amenable to quantitative analysis. The assessment of language comfort is based on a number of key aspects that determine the calculation method and data sources. Firstly, the assessment should be applicable to any territory, not just to individual aspects as community size or territorial-administrative status. Secondly, it should be possible to track the dynamics and adapt the assessment to occurring changes in each concrete territory. Thirdly, the indicators used should be publicly available, open and applicable for qualitative and quantitative complex analysis.
Language comfort directly depends on the socio-economic development of the locus, which ultimately inevitably leads to cultural diversity and possibly the development of hybrid forms of cultures or the unification of local communities where one language dominates, small languages 'suffer' as a result of population growth, labor migration, industrial development, etc.
The working out of universal indicators of the language situation for assessing the quality of human well-being allows integrating these indicators not only in the typology of areas of compact residence of indigenous peoples of the North according to the potential for the sustainability of the life support system and ethnic culture, in assessing the impact of the ethnological environment (ethnological expertise), but also in the international system for assessing the well-being of the population of the Arctic.
The research is based on the materials of a field research of the language space in the industrial cities Anadyr, Yakutsk, Bilibino in October 2023 and Mirny and Bilibino in 2024. The survey covered 800 citizens and interviewing 41 people of different social groups of the population of the mentioned cities.
主讲人简介
Bitkeeva Aysa（彼特克耶娃）,Dr.Sc. Phil., Prof.,Head of the Research Center on Ethnic and Language Relations, Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). Research areas include sociolinguistics, linguistic theory and cross-cultural communication. The author of about 160 articles and 16 monographs.
A.N. Bitkeeva has made a significant contribution to theoretical and applied sociolinguistics, in particular, developed new approaches of study of functional development of ethnic languages of the Russian Federation, sociolinguistic typology of language situations, language policy in Russia and foreign countries, sociolinguistic prognosis, etc.
A.N. Bitkeeva is the editor-in-chief of the Russian academic journal “Sociolinguistics”, a member of the editorial board of the Chinese academic journal “Language Policy and Language Education”, and other Russian and foreign academic journals. A.N. Bitkeeva is actively involved in teaching in Russian (Professor of Moscow State Pedagogical University, professor of Kalmyk State University, Professor of Oryol State University named after I.S. Turgenev) and foreign universities (Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 2016-2018; University of Tokyo, 2003; Chonbuk University of South Korea, 2008-2013, etc.).
Filippova Viktoriya（费丽波娃）, PhD on Historical Sciences,Head of the Arctic Researches Department, The Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yakutsk, Russia). Research areas include historical geography, indigenous peoples of the North and the Arctic, traditional land use, historical and cultural heritage, GIS mapping, ethnological expertise. The author of about 150 articles and 8 monographs.
V.V. Filippova has made the ethnodemographic development of indigenous small-numbered peoples of Northern Yakutia during the XX century. A methodology for cartographic support of conducting ethno-logical expertise in Yakutia using GIS technologies is proposed. The results of the developed methodology are presented as a system of evaluation indicators and a series of thematic maps on traditional nature use by indigenous small-numbered peoples of Northern Yakutia.
V.V. Filippova is expert of Russian federal programs 'Step into the Future' and 'Step into the Future Profession' in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Participation in expertise and conducting Ethnological expert reviews on the territory of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).
V.V. Filippova is Associate Professor at the the Ecology and Geography Department of North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk.
