标题：人口普查问卷中的语言意识形态、政策和媒体话语：四个多语言社会的历史比较分析
作者：毛峰（上海对外经贸大学，上海外国语大学，中国语言规划与政策研究中心）、朱晔（上海外国语大学，中国语言规划与政策研究中心）、吴碧宇（上海理工大学）
来源：《Current Issues in Language Planning》2025年8月在线发表
摘要：This study comparatively analyzes census language questionsacross four multilingual societies—Canada, the United States,Singapore, and South Africa—to examine language ideology-policy interactions. Using Language Management Theory (LMT),the research employs content analysis, discourse analysis, andcross-national comparison of census questionnaires, policydocuments, and media texts. Key findings include: (1) Censuslanguage questions evolved from monolingual assumptions tomultilingual recognition across all countries, with documentedpolicy-census cyclical relationships; (2) Census designsystematically reflects and reinforces language hierarchies whilefacing representational limitations in capturing multilingualrealities; (3) Cross-national comparison reveals four distinctlanguage management models: institutional bilingualism(Canada), pragmatic monolingualism (United States), strategicmultilingual management (Singapore), and aspirationalmultilingual equality (South Africa); (4) Media discourse functionsas an intermediary mechanism between census data and policydevelopment, consistently interpreting demographic statisticsand framing language policy debates across different nationalcontexts. The study validates Language Management Theory’scyclical framework in institutional settings and provides practicalrecommendations for more inclusive census design and languagepolicy formulation.
关键词：Census; language policy;language ideology; languagemanagement theory;multilingual societies
引用格式（GB/T 7714—2015）：Mao, F., Zhu, Y., & Wu, B. (2025). Language ideologies, policies, and media discourse in census questionnaires: a historical comparative analysis of four multilingual societies. Current Issues in Language Planning, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2025.2535820
