讲座 | 於宁 - 汉语愤怒隐喻再探：身体、文化与语言

讲座名称：汉语愤怒隐喻再探：身体、文化与语言（Chinese Anger Metaphor Revisited: Body, Culture, and Language）

主讲人：    於宁

举办单位：语言研究院

讲座时间：2024/05/08(周三)  11:45-13:15

讲座地点：松江校区五号楼103会议室

讲座语言：英语（English）

       於宁是宾夕法尼亚州立大学应用语言学系与亚洲研究系的教授。他的研究重点在于语言、文化和认知之间的关系、人类语言与认知的具身性、以及隐喻研究的认知语言学方法。他的著作包括《当代隐喻理论：基于汉语的视角》(John Benjamins, 1998；其中文版于2023年由北京商务印书馆出版)、《认知视角下的汉语“心”：文化、身体和语言》(Mouton de Gruyter, 2009)、《从身体到文化意义：汉语认知语义研究论文集》(John Benjamins, 2009)、以及《道德隐喻系统：概念隐喻法》(Oxford University Press, 2022)。 

       Ning Yu is Professor of Applied Linguistics and Asian Studies at The Pennsylvania State University. His research focuses on the relationship between language, culture, and cognition, the embodied nature of human language and cognition, and the cognitive-linguistic approach to metaphor studies. His books include The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: A Perspective from Chinese (John Benjamins, 1998; its Chinese translation was published in 2023 by the Commercial Press, Beijing), The Chinese HEART in a Cognitive Perspective: Culture, Body, and Language (Mouton de Gruyter, 2009), From Body to Meaning in Culture: Papers on Cognitive Semantic Studies of Chinese (John Benjamins, 2009), and The Moral Metaphor System: A Conceptual Metaphor Approach (Oxford University Press, 2022).

关于情绪如何在隐喻中得以表达的语言学研究是隐喻跨学科研究的核心领域之一。如果对此进行系统的研究，可以有助于揭示隐喻概念形成中身体、文化和语言之间的错综复杂的关系。基于Lakoff和Kövecses (1987)对美式英语中愤怒隐喻的研究，Yu (1995)对汉语和英语中的愤怒隐喻进行了对比词汇研究。研究发现，出于对情绪的具身理解，英语和汉语都将愤怒概念化为““热”（即体温上升）和“内部压力”（即身体或身体的一部分作为容器）。因此，热隐喻（愤怒是热）在这两种语言中都适用。然而，在更具体的层面上，英语和汉语既有共性也有差异。它们都使用火隐喻（愤怒是火），但在第二个方面有所不同：英语使用液体隐喻（愤怒是热容器中的液体），而汉语使用气体隐喻（愤怒是热容器中的气体）。自从三十年前的这项研究完成以来，隐喻研究经历了巨大发展，其中包括多模态研究和基于语料库研究的出现、发展和繁荣。

本次关于汉语愤怒隐喻的讲座将介绍一些多模态证据以及语言学研究的新成果。语言学部分基于最近的一项使用了词汇和基于语料库方法的混合方法的研究，这项研究将出现在一本具有里程碑意义的著作中(Kövecses et al., 待出版)，该著作包括对世界各地27种不同语言中愤怒隐喻的研究。

Linguistic study of how emotions are expressed metaphorically is one of the central areasof interdisciplinary research on metaphor. Such study, if conductedsystematically, can help bring to light the intricate relationship betweenbody, culture, and language in metaphorical conceptualization. Based on Lakoffand Kövecses’ (1987) study on anger metaphor in American English, Yu (1995)contains a lexical study of anger metaphors in Chinese in comparison withEnglish. It was found that anger is conceptualized in terms of “heat” (i.e., riseof body temperature) and “internal pressure” (i.e., body, or a part of it, as acontainer) in both English and Chinese as a result of embodied understanding ofemotion. Hence, the HEAT metaphor (ANGER IS HEAT) is applicable in bothlanguages. At a more specific level, however, English and Chinese exhibit botha commonality and a discrepancy. They share the FIRE metaphor (ANGER IS FIRE),but differ in the second one: the FLUID metaphor (ANGER IS FLUID IN HEATED CONTAINER) in English vs. the GAS metaphor (ANGER IS GAS IN HEATED CONTAINTER)in Chinese. Ever since that study was done three decades ago, metaphor researchhas undergone much development, including the emergence, growth, and flourishof multimodal and corpus-based studies.  

Thistalk on Chinese anger metaphor will present some multimodal evidence and newresults from linguistic research. The linguistic part is based on a recentstudy, using mixed methods of lexical and corpus-based approaches, which willappear in a milestone volume (Kövecses et al., in press) that comprises studies of anger metaphors in 27different languages over the world.